History Of Diabetes

 

Diabetes, or more specifically diabetes mellitus, is a disease that is known today as diabetes. It is thought that the Ebers Papyrus (c. Along with Avicenna, other doctors from the Islamic world in the Middle Ages also wrote about diabetes. In old bills, diabetes was often called a disease of the kidneys. Thomas Willis suggested in 1674 that diabetes might also be a blood disease. Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski are usually given credit for figuring out in 1889 that the pancreas plays a role in causing diabetes mellitus. Paul Langerhans, in 1869, called the islet cells of the pancreas "little piles of cells." In 1893, Édouard Laguesse said that the islet cells can also help control digestion. Islets of Langerhans is the name given to these cells after the person who first found them. At the beginning of the 20th century, doctors thought that the islets released a substance called "insulin" that breaks down carbs.

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In 1921 and 1922, a group of researchers in Toronto—Frederick Banting, J.J.R. Macleod, Charles Best, and James Collip—discovered insulin and got it ready for use in the clinic. This made it possible to find a cure. In 1923, for a symbolic dollar, the patent for insulin was given to the University of Toronto to keep the medicine available. Before the causes of diabetes insipidus were known, treatment became available. Researchers in Italy (A. 1913) found an antidiuretic substance in the pituitary gland. This opened the door for high-quality therapy. By the 1920s, research had shown that diabetes insipidus was a problem with the pituitary gland. Since the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus are so close to each other, the main question became whether diabetes insipidus was caused by the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus. In 1954, Berta and Ernst Scharrer came to the conclusion that the nuclei of cells in the hypothalamus were used to make hormones. 1 Early debts 1.1 Ancient Egypt (around 3000 B.C.

 

The Ebers Papyrus is one of Ancient Egypt's oldest and most important scientific papyri. It was probably copied from a chain of much older texts and was written around 1550 BC. It has a passage from the First Dynasty (c. During the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom, when it was at its best, Thebes was the most revered city in Ancient Egypt. Asha is a keyword that can mean both "plentiful" and "usually." It's not clear whether the situation described was too much urine (polyuria), which can be a sign of diabetes, or too much urine, very often, because of a urinary tract infection. "A measuring glass full of Water from the Bird pond, Elderberry, Fibres of the asit plant, Fresh Milk, Beer-Swill, Flower of the Cucumber, and Green Dates" was the medicine that was given. "Rectal injections of olive oil, honey, sweet beer, sea salt, and seeds of the wonderfruit" also helped the person's urinary problems. Ayurveda is a form of medicine that has been used by Hindus for a long time. It has its roots in the Indian subcontinent.

 

Some of its ideas come from the Indus Valley civilization once again. It changed a lot thanks to the Vedic c language. In Sanskrit texts from the fifth and sixth centuries BC, when great doctors Sushruta and Charaka lived, polyuria was linked to the taste of candy. They talked about many different polyuric diseases, which they called Prameha as a whole ("to transport"). This group of diseases included diabetes mellitus, which was called madhumeha ("honey urine") because the sweet urine of people with diabetes would attract ants and flies. People say that these people were always thirsty and had bad breath. Ayurvedic texts gave advice on what to eat in this situation. They are the earliest known references to the presence of sugar in the urine (glycosuria) and to dietary treatments. They were written at least a thousand years before modern European descriptions began to give a more complete picture of the disease. Sushruta and Charaka also found the two types of diabetes, which we now call Type I and Type II diabetes.

 

Two Chinese phrases have something to do with diabetes in the modern world. The general time period, called xio k (), means "losing-thirst" and closely matches diabetes in most historical descriptions. The more modern term táng nio bng (), which means "sugar urine disease," is the same as diabetes mellitus. It has been said that the term "cool" comes from conversations with Ayurvedic doctors, who called the situation "madhumeha" ("honey urine"). Based on studies of the history of diabetology in Traditional Chinese medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of xio k () can be broken down into four periods. Classic texts gave a typology of the disease and made different suggestions for diagnosing, treating, and preventing it. Around the time of the Qing dynasty, losing-thirst information was added to what was known about diabetes. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, or Huángd Nèijng (), is a simple historical text in Chinese medicine and the most important book on Daoist philosophy and way of life.

 

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